GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a chronic digestive disorder that
occurs when stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation,
inflammation, and discomfort.
Symptoms of GERD may include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty
swallowing, and a chronic cough. These symptoms can significantly affect a person's
quality of life and may lead to complications if left untreated.

Treatment for GERD typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding
trigger foods, losing weight, and quitting smoking, as well as medication to reduce
stomach acid production or improve digestion. In severe cases, surgery may be
necessary to repair or strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter, which is the
muscle that normally prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
Surgery for GERD is usually reserved for cases where other treatments have not
been effective, or if there are complications that require surgical intervention. The
most common type of surgery for GERD is called fundoplication, which involves
wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the lower esophageal sphincter to
strengthen it and prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus.
Fundoplication can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically (minimally
invasive). Laparoscopic fundoplication is less invasive and has a shorter recovery
time compared to open surgery.